Mckinsey has their say on AI
Common trend on how execs view the impact of AI on employment: 32 percent expect decreases, 43 percent no change, and 13 percent increases. … TLDR: Nobody knows yet.
“The online survey was in the field from June 25 to July 29, 2025, and garnered responses from 1,993 participants in 105 nations representing the full range of regions, industries, company sizes, functional specialties, and tenures. Thirty-eight percent of respondents say they work for organizations with more than $1 billion in annual revenues. To adjust for differences in response rates, the data are weighted by the contribution of each respondent’s nation to global GDP.”
Key findings
- Most organizations are still in the experimentation or piloting phase: Nearly two-thirds of respondents say their organizations have not yet begun scaling AI across the enterprise.
- High curiosity in AI agents: Sixty-two percent of survey respondents say their organizations are at least experimenting with AI agents.
- Positive leading indicators on impact of AI: Respondents report use-case-level cost and revenue benefits, and 64 percent say that AI is enabling their innovation. However, just 39 percent report EBIT impact at the enterprise level.
- High performers use AI to drive growth, innovation, and cost: Eighty percent of respondents say their companies set efficiency as an objective of their AI initiatives, but the companies seeing the most value from AI often set growth or innovation as additional objectives.
- Redesigning workflows is a key success factor: Half of those AI high performers intend to use AI to transform their businesses, and most are redesigning workflows.
- Differing perspectives on employment impact: Respondents vary in their expectations of AI’s impact on the overall workforce size of their organizations in the coming year: 32 percent expect decreases, 43 percent no change, and 13 percent increases.
Three years since the introduction of gen AI tools triggered a new era of artificial intelligence, nearly nine out of ten survey respondents say their organizations are regularly using AI—but the pace of progress remains uneven. While AI tools are now commonplace, most organizations have not yet embedded them deeply enough into their workflows and processes to realize material enterprise-level benefits. The latest McKinsey Global Survey on the state of AI reveals a landscape defined by both wider use—including growing proliferation of agentic AI—and stubborn growing pains, with the transition from pilots to scaled impact remaining a work in progress at most organizations.
Ambitious organizations report the most benefits
Expectations vary on AI’s effect on workforce size
Efforts to mitigate risks are becoming more common
AI use continues to broaden but remains primarily in pilot phases
Our latest survey shows a larger share of respondents reporting AI use by their organizations, though most have yet to scale the technologies. The share of respondents saying their organizations are using AI in at least one business function has increased since our research last year: 88 percent report regular AI use in at least one business function, compared with 78 percent a year ago. But at the enterprise level, the majority are still in the experimenting or piloting stages (Exhibit 1), with approximately one-third reporting that their companies have begun to scale their AI programs.
Exhibit 1
Many organizations are already experimenting with AI agents
Organizations are also beginning to explore opportunities with AI agents—systems based on foundation models capable of acting in the real world, planning and executing multiple steps in a workflow. Twenty-three percent of respondents report their organizations are scaling an agentic AI system somewhere in their enterprises (that is, expanding the deployment and adoption of the technology within a least one business function), and an additional 39 percent say they have begun experimenting with AI agents. But use of agents is not yet widespread: Most of those who are scaling agents say they’re only doing so in one or two functions. In any given business function, no more than 10 percent of respondents say their organizations are scaling AI agents (Exhibit 2).
Exhibit 2
Looking at individual business functions, agent use is most commonly reported in IT and knowledge management, where agentic use cases such as service-desk management in IT and deep research in knowledge management have quickly developed. By industry, the use of AI agents is most widely reported in the technology, media and telecommunications, and healthcare sectors (Exhibit 3).
Exhibit 3
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For most organizations, AI use remains in pilot phases
The use of AI overall is broadening within organizations. Respondents increasingly report that their organizations are using AI in more business functions (Exhibit 4). More than two-thirds of respondents now say their organizations are using AI in more than one function, and half report using AI in three or more functions (for a breakdown by industry, see sidebar, “Reported AI use ticks upward in nearly every industry”).
Exhibit 4
However, many companies—particularly smaller ones—have yet to integrate AI deeply across their workflows. While only one-third of all respondents say they are scaling their AI programs across their organizations, larger companies—both in terms of revenues and the number of employees—are more likely to have reached the scaling phase. Nearly half of respondents from companies with more than $5 billion in revenue have reached the scaling phase, compared with 29 percent of those with less than $100 million in revenues (Exhibit 5).
Exhibit 5
AI as a catalyst for innovation
Responses suggest that for most organizations, the use of AI has not yet significantly affected enterprise-wide EBIT. Thirty-nine percent of respondents attribute any level of EBIT impact to AI, and most of those respondents say that less than 5 percent of their organization’s EBIT is attributable to AI use. However, respondents see other company-wide qualitative outcomes: A majority say that their organizations’ use of AI has improved innovation, and nearly half report improvement in customer satisfaction and competitive differentiation (Exhibit 6).
Exhibit 6
While reported cases of enterprise-wide EBIT impact are limited, many respondents say they are seeing cost benefits from individual AI use cases—especially in software engineering, manufacturing, and IT (Exhibit 7).
Exhibit 7
Revenue increases resulting from AI use are most commonly reported in use cases within marketing and sales, strategy and corporate finance, and product and service development, which is consistent with what we’ve seen over the years we have been conducting the survey (Exhibit 8).
Exhibit 8
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Organizations with ambitious AI agendas are seeing the most benefit
Meaningful enterprise-wide bottom-line impact from the use of AI continues to be rare, though our survey results suggest that thinking big can pay off. Respondents who attribute EBIT impact of 5 percent or more to AI use and say their organization has seen “significant” value from AI use—our definition of AI high performers, representing about 6 percent of respondents—report pushing for transformative innovation via AI, redesigning workflows, scaling faster, implementing best practices for transformation, and investing more.
High performers have bold ambitions to transform their business: AI high performers are more than three times more likely than others are to say their organization intends to use AI to bring about transformative change to their businesses (Exhibit 9).
Exhibit 9
Organizations seeing the greatest impact from AI often aim to achieve more than cost reductions from these technologies. While most respondents report that efficiency gains are an objective of their organizations’ AI use, high performers are more likely than others are to say their organizations have also set growth and/or innovation as an objective of their AI efforts (Exhibit 10).
Exhibit 10
Whether or not they qualify as high performers, respondents who say their organizations are using AI to spur growth and/or innovation are more likely than others are to report achieving a range of qualitative enterprise-level benefits from their AI use—such as improved customer satisfaction, competitive differentiation, profitability, revenue growth, and change in market share.
In addition to high aspirations at the enterprise level, high performers are also nearly three times as likely as others are to say their organizations have fundamentally redesigned individual workflows (Exhibit 11). Indeed, this intentional redesigning of workflows has one of the strongest contributions to achieving meaningful business impact of all the factors tested.1To identify which organizational practices differentiate high performers, we conducted a relative weights analysis on 31 variables. This method estimates each variable’s unique contribution to explaining high-performance status, accounting for correlations among predictors.
Exhibit 11
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AI high performers are also regularly using AI in more business functions than their peers. These respondents are much more likely than others are to report use in marketing and sales, strategy and corporate finance, and product and service development, for example. Additionally, high performers have advanced further with their use of AI agents than others have. In most business functions, AI high performers are at least three times more likely than their peers to report that they are scaling their use of agents (Exhibit 12).
Exhibit 12
The findings also show that AI high performers’ use of AI is more often championed by their leaders. High performers are three times more likely than their peers to strongly agree that senior leaders at their organizations demonstrate ownership of and commitment to their AI initiatives (Exhibit 13). These respondents are also much more likely than others are to say that senior leaders are actively engaged in driving AI adoption, including role modeling the use of AI.
Exhibit 13
In addition to having senior leadership ownership and commitment, AI high performers are also more likely to employ a range of practices to realize value from AI use. For example, high performers are more likely than others are to say their organizations have defined processes to determine how and when model outputs need human validation to ensure accuracy (Exhibit 14). This is another one of the top factors we tested to determine those that most distinguished high performers. The full set of management practices align with our broader Rewired research, which is based on more than 200 at-scale AI transformations. They span six dimensions essential to capturing value from AI: strategy, talent, operating model, technology, data, and adoption and scaling. All of the management practices we tested correlate positively with value attributable to AI. These practices enable organizations to innovate and capture value from AI at scale.
Exhibit 14
Having an agile product delivery organization, or an enterprise-wide agile organization with well-defined delivery processes, is also strongly correlated with achieving value. Establishing robust talent strategies and implementing technology and data infrastructure similarly show meaningful contributions to AI success, and practices such as embedding AI into business processes and tracking KPIs for AI solutions further contribute to achieving significant value.
Finally, high-performing organizations are investing more in AI capabilities. More than one-third of high performers say their organizations are committing more than 20 percent of their digital budgets to AI technologies (Exhibit 15). These resources are helping them scale AI technologies across the business: About three-quarters of high performers say their organizations are scaling or have scaled AI, compared with one-third of other organizations.
Exhibit 15
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Expectations vary on AI’s effect on workforce size
As organizations expand their use of AI, respondents share differing perspectives on how AI might affect their workforce size in the year ahead. Looking at the functions in which organizations are using AI, a plurality of respondents observed little to no change in the number of employees due to their organization’s use of AI in the past year. In most functions, fewer than 20 percent of respondents report decreases of 3 percent or more, and smaller shares say their organization’s AI use led them to add head count within functions.
However, larger shares of respondents expect changes in the number of employees in these functions in the year ahead (Exhibit 16). Across business functions, a median of 17 percent of respondents report declines in functions’ workforce size in the past year as a result of AI use, but a median of 30 percent expect a decrease in the next year.
Exhibit 16
Expectations differ on the impact of AI on the size of respondents’ enterprise-wide total workforce. While a plurality of respondents expect to see little or no effect on their organizations’ total number of employees in the year ahead, 32 percent predict an overall reduction of 3 percent or more, and 13 percent predict an increase of that magnitude (Exhibit 17). Respondents at larger organizations are more likely than those at smaller ones to expect an enterprise-wide AI-related reduction in workforce size, while AI high performers are more likely than others are to expect a meaningful change, either in the form of workforce reductions or increases.
Exhibit 17
At the same time, most respondents—and an even larger share from larger companies—note that their organizations hired for AI-related roles over the past year (Exhibit 18). While the talent needs differ by company size overall, software engineers and data engineers are the most in demand.
Exhibit 18
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Efforts to mitigate AI risks are becoming more common as challenges materialize
Over the past six years, our research has consistently found that few risks associated with the use of AI are mitigated by most respondents’ organizations. In our latest findings, the share of respondents reporting mitigation efforts for risks such as personal and individual privacy, explainability, organizational reputation, and regulatory compliance has grown since we last asked about risks associated with AI overall in 2022. (In 2023 and 2024, we asked specifically about gen AI–related risks.) Back in 2022, respondents reported acting to manage an average of two AI-related risks, compared with four risks today.
We also see that, largely, the risks that organizations are experiencing and are working to mitigate are connected: Respondents are more likely to say their organizations are mitigating each of the risks they have experienced consequences from. Overall, 51 percent of respondents from organizations using AI say their organizations have seen at least one instance of a negative consequence, with nearly one-third of all respondents reporting consequences stemming from AI inaccuracy (Exhibit 19). Inaccuracy is one of two risks that most respondents say their organizations are working to mitigate. However, the second-most-commonly-reported risk—explainability—is not among the most commonly mitigated.
Exhibit 19
Respondents from AI high performers, who say their organizations have deployed twice as many AI use cases as others have, are more likely than others to report negative consequences—particularly related to intellectual property infringement and regulatory compliance. High performers also try to protect against a larger number of risks.
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While the use of AI is now common, our new survey suggests that its full promise still remains ahead. Most organizations are still navigating the transition from experimentation to scaled deployment, and while they may be capturing value in some parts of the organization, they’re not yet realizing enterprise-wide financial impact. The experience of the highest-performing companies suggests a path forward. These organizations stand out for thinking beyond incremental efficiency gains: They treat AI as a catalyst to transform their organizations, redesigning workflows and accelerating innovation. As AI tools, including agents, improve and companies’ capabilities mature, the opportunity to embed AI more fully into the enterprise will offer organizations new ways to capture value and create competitive advantage.
About the research
The online survey was in the field from June 25 to July 29, 2025, and garnered responses from 1,993 participants in 105 nations representing the full range of regions, industries, company sizes, functional specialties, and tenures. Thirty-eight percent of respondents say they work for organizations with more than $1 billion in annual revenues. To adjust for differences in response rates, the data are weighted by the contribution of each respondent’s nation to global GDP.
Previous State of AI research
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The state of AI: How organizations are rewiring to capture value
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The state of AI in early 2024: Gen AI adoption spikes and starts to generate value
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The state of AI in 2023: Generative AI’s breakout year
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The state of AI in 2022—and a half decade in review
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The state of AI in 2021
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The state of AI in 2020
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Global AI Survey: AI proves its worth, but few scale impact
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AI adoption advances, but foundational barriers remain
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About the author(s)
Alex Singla is the global leader of QuantumBlack, AI by McKinsey, and a senior partner in McKinsey’s Chicago office; Alexander Sukharevsky is a senior partner in the London office; Bryce Hall is an associate partner in the Washington, DC, office; Lareina Yee is a senior partner in the Bay Area office, where Michael Chui is a senior fellow; and Tara Balakrishnan is an associate partner in the Seattle office.
The authors wish to thank Hailey Bobsein, Hannah Wagner, Larry Kanter, Robert Levin, and Santi Canedo for their contributions to this work.
This article was edited by Heather Hanselman, a senior editor in the Atlanta office.
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